Lubricating oil



feed line is clogged with foreign matter.

Patented Aug. 5, 1941 LUBRICATING on.

Bert H. Lincoln, Ponca City, Okla., and Allred 'Henriksen, deceased, late of Ponca City, th., by John W. Wolfe, administrator de bonis non, Ponca City, Okla., assignors, by mesne assignments, to The Lubri-Zol Development Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation 01' Delaware No Drawing.

Application August 24, 1938,

Serial No. 226,472

' 6 Claims.

Our invention relates to lubricating oils and more particularly to an improved lubricating oil of high film strength as anew composition 01 matter.

This application is a continuation in part of our prior' filed application, Serial No. 28,014, filed June 22, 1935. I

. It is well known among petroleum technologists and mechanical technologists that mineral lubricating oils are deficient in oiliness characteristics and in extreme pressure characteristics,

which are the most important characters of the lubricant when used under conditions of boundary lubrication, where the viscosity of the lubricant plays ,little or no part. Boundary lubrication conditions are obtained when engines are operating at heavy loads, low speeds, or if for any reason the supply of lubricant is cut off or not sufllcient. This last condition may cidst when for mechanical reasons the lubricant pump is not iunctioningproperly or when the lubrlcg nt ne present-day design of automotive as well as other mechanical devices call for greater loads on rubbing surfaces and the loads so imposed are too great for mineral lubricating oils. With lubricants oi high load carrying capacity, designers a lubricant having -penetrative lubricity characteristics. It has been found that our lubricants do not drain oil the rubbing surfaces when idle, thereby providing a'lubricating film on the rubbing surfaces at all times and being of great value to the life of the machine in cold weather starting when the lubricant is very viscous and sluggish.

or mechanical devices could design for greater loads on rubbing surfaces and obtain pronounced and definite economies in a number of ways.

Extreme pressure lubrication conditions are re quired for cutting oils and the like and it is well known that mineral lubricants are not satisfactory for this purpose.

The above described conditions are encountered with the very best quality and most highly refined lubricating oils. In some cases, the more highly refined lubricants are weaker in extreme pressure characteristics.

' The primary object of our invention is to provide lubricants of high oiliness and extreme pressure characteristics which will provide low coeflicient of friction and which will allow of higher loads on rubbing surfaces during operation and burned in the engine.

A further object of our invention is to provide still another object of our invention is to provide extreme pressure lubricants which maybe used 'in metal cutting, severe lubricating conditlons, and the like.

'We have discovered that the addition of halogenated phthalic acid to lubricants meets the objects of our invention. to a ng degree. There are several dlflerentvhalogen, and more specifically chlorine, derivatives, which may be used in our invention. These are the various mono-, di-, and tri-chloro phthalic acids. The mono and trichloro phthalic acids are prepared from corresponding chloro-o-toluic acid by oxidation. The mixture of di-chloro phthalic' acids which results from the usual method of preparation of chloro-phthalic acid, namely, passing chlorine into'a solution of phthalic anhydride in turning sulfuric acid, then converting the chlor anhydride to the chlor acid gives ex cellent results when blended with ordinary refined mineral oils. One of the advantages of the chloro-phthalic acids as used in this invention. is their great stability with respect to decomposi The addition 0; 0.75% oi these compounds to a mineral oil lubricant greatly improves the Timken and Almen film strengths. The oiliness characteristic and coeficient of friction are both quite materially improved. The adhesiveness of these lubricants is much superior to straight min- I 'eral oil lubricants, giving a high margin of safety V in machines which are idle a great part of the time and in which ordinary lubricants tend to drain away from the bearings. junction with other compounds such as those containing sulfur, they make excellent cutting lubricants.

The halogenated phthalic acids may also be blended with other lubricant bases, such as those obtained from synthetic processes of condensation or polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and specially treated oils of organic origin such as Voltolized oils. Other oils characterized Alone, or in con-' i x butyl phthalic acid,

by having lubricating viscosity may also be treated according to this invention.- Such oils include animal and vegetable oils like corn .011, cotton seed oil; castor oil, .lard oil, sperm'oil and synthetic oils, hydrogenated oils and the like, and thickened lubricants, greases or soaps.

As little as 0.05% of the addition agents maybe used with some degree of improvement but usually about 0.5% is preferred. However, as

' much as to 20% or more may be incorporated for some special purposes. For automobile crank caselubricants quantities ranging from by weight of oxygen and approximately 30% by weight of chlorine, therefore, there is 57% by weight of this molecule whlch'is very active in a physico'chemical fashion for forming a strong adhesive film on a metal surface. With this excess residual valence and an absolute minimum of corrosive chemical action as evidenced by the pronounced chemical stability, this compound is an outstandingly good lubricating oil" addition agent.

Substituting one or more alkyl radicals on the phthalic acid molecule with halogen on either aliphatic carbon atoms or ring carbon atoms or both to give a halogenated substituted phthalic acid gives compounds highly suitable for use in this invention. The alkyl group may be of the short chain or long chaintype suchv as methyl chloro phthalic acid, chloro methyl phthalic acid, propyl chlor phthalic acid, chloro propyl phthalic acid, isobutyl chloro phthalic acid, chloro isochloro isobutyl chloro alic acid, decyl chlor phthalic acid, chloro decyl phthalic acid, octadecyl chloro phthalic acid, chloro octadecyl phthalic acid, chlorooctadecyl chloro phthalic acid, mono parafin wax radical chloro phthalic acid, chloro mono paraffin wax phthalic acid and chloro mon'o paraffin f wax chloro phthalic acid.

Phthalic acid with alkyl side chains and a halogen in the molecule have increased polarity and are particularly advantageous for certain purposes.

Other modes of applying the principle of our invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the materials employed, provided the ingredients stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated ingredients be employed.

We, therefore, particularly point out and dis-- tinctly'claim as our invention:

1. A lubricating composition including a major proportion of a lubricant base and a minor proportion of a chloro phthalic acid.

2. A lubricating composition including a major proportion of a lubricant base and a'minor amount of a halogen bearing derivative of phthalic acid.

3. A lubricating composition including a major proportion of a lubricant base and a minor amount of a chlorine phthalic acid.

4. A lubricating composition including a major proportion 01 mineral ofl and aminor amount of a halogen bearing derivative of phthalic acid.

5. A lubricating composition including a major proportion of mineral oil and from .05% to 20% of a halogen bearing derivative of phthalic acid.

6. A lubricating composition including a major proportion of mineral oil and approximately 0.5% of a halogen bearing derivative of phthalic acid.

' BERT H. LINCOLN.

' JOHN W. WOLFE. Administrator de bonis mm of the Estate of Al- ,fred Henriksen, Deceased. H

bearing derivative of 

